Interaction and Co-Participation in Generating the Urban Form: The Case of Oradea City Center

Abstract

This study explores the multicultural heritage and urban greenery of Oradea City Center through site visits, semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis. It examines how historical landmarks and green spaces contribute to urban conservation and sustainable development. The findings highlight the importance of community engagement in preserving cultural heritage and enhancing urban resilience. The paper analyzes the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach as a means of achieving sustainable urban development in an Art Nouveau city. The rapid development today leads to constant investor pressures on public institutions, such as the City Hall, Local Council, and Culture Directorates, putting the built heritage at great risk. Urban heritage is vital to our cities now and in the future. As architectural heritage represents irreplaceable spiritual, cultural, economic, and social capital, it is the duty of each generation to preserve this legacy, interpreting the past through its own perspective. Preservation must go beyond the material substance of buildings, as focusing solely on the physical aspects can alter the building's spirit. Additionally, the surroundings of built heritage are essential for keeping the urban fabric alive. A more comprehensive and accountable approach from all involved parties is necessary. In the city center, where built heritage is dense and land value is high, there is significant pressure to convert green spaces into developed areas. Livable cities are green cities, and for this reason, built heritage and public green spaces must play a central role in community life, with active community participation in urban development planning to ensure a sustainable environment.